<!doctype html public
"-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">*Shooting Basics*
By Brian
The
most important thing you can do during your quest to become an expert rifleman
is to get the basics down solid. Learning the basic shooting techniques will
put you way above the majority of shooters out there. Proper body position,
breathing and trigger control is easily learned and goes far in improving your
groups. Starting off with good habits is a lot easier than unlearning habits
that have been ingrained over time.
Start
with the ten basic firearm safety rules these rules hold true whether target
shooting or on a combat patrol. If you learn and always follow these rules you
will never have a shooting accident. Anytime you ignore these rules you are
asking for trouble and should be aware of it. The rules are.
- Treat every firearm as if f it
were loaded. Treat the firearm this way even if you checked it and know it
is unloaded.
- Immediately open the action and
inspect the chamber of any firearm you are handed or pick up. \
- Always keep the muzzle pointed
in a safe direction.
- Keep guns unloaded when not in
use. (this is a contradictory to having a gun for defense but IMO that
forearm is in use)
- Be sure the barrel is clear o f
obstructions, and that you're using the proper ammunition.
- Be
sure of your target and backstop. Know exactly what you're shooting at,
and where the bullet will go if you miss before you pull the trigger.
- Never
shoot at a flat, hard surface. Never shoot a rifle or handgun at water.
Rifle or pistol bullets can ricochet dangerously when fired at such
unyielding surfaces. Bullets can "skip" long distances over
water, and in a surprising variety of directions.
- Never
climb a tree or fence, or jump a ditch while holding a loaded gun. When
you cross a ditch or fence, always open the action of your gun and make
sure no cartridge is in the firing chamber.
- Never
point a gun at anything you don't want to shoot.
- Keep
your finger of the trigger until you are ready to fire.
The next step in good marksmanship is to learn
your firearm. How it functions, how to disassemble, clean, inspect and
reassemble you firearm. If your firearm is new it more likely than not came
with a manual that explains it (you should read the manual that comes with any
new firearm). If you acquired it second hand search the internet you will be
able to find the information you are looking for or post a message on a message
board to obtain the information. Take the time to learn this information before
you load the firearm for the first time, and if you are not sure of the
procedure during the duration you own the firearm return to the manual and give
yourself a refresher course.
The
next step that should be taken care of before you begin shooting at targets is
to make sure that your rifle is properly sighted in. A surprising number of
shooters neglect to make sure their sights are properly adjusted, and that
their rifles "shoot where they're pointed." If you have the manual to
the firearm the information on sighting in the rifle will be in there if you do
not have it you can find the information on the web.
Ok now it is time to head to the
range. If you are a beginning shooter, I would advise you to start out with a
.22 rimfire rifle. .22s are quiet, recoil-free, and inexpensive to shoot.
You'll learn the basics of marksmanship much faster without the twin
distractions of muzzle blast and recoil.
The first thing you need to
concentrate on is proper sight alignment. With the open iron sights
supplied on some rifles, you have three separate sighting elements to contend
with: the rear sight, the front sight, and the target. To aim with open sights,
place your cheek snugly against the upper ridge of your rifle's buttstock and
look through the V or U shaped notch of the rear sight. Elevate or lower the
barrel slightly until the top portion of the front sight blade can be seen.
Then further adjust the sight picture until the front sight blade is centered
in the rear-sighting notch, and the very top part of the front sight appears
flush with the top surfaces of the rear sight on either side of the notch.
While maintaining this front sight-rear sight alignment, move the rifle until
the front sight covers the target or sits just under it. Most target shooters
like to see the bullseye, just above the front sight post. When the bullseye
appears to sit atop the front sight in this manner, you're employing what's
known as a "6-o'clock hold." Peep sights: To use this
kind of sight, you simply look through the rear aperture or "peep,"
and place the front sight on or immediately under the target. You needn't
concentrate on the rear sight at all; in fact it should appear as an indistinct
blur. Your eye will automatically center the front sight at the strongest point
of light, which falls at the exact center of the rear aperture.
Once you're familiar with your
sights and the proper sight picture, it's time to refine your breathing and
trigger control. This should be practiced while you're in the prone position
with the rifle steadied by a rest (you can use a rolled up sleeping bag in a
pinch)
From here on out I am going to
assume you will learn on a rifle.
Set up your target and your shooing position for shooting from the prone (I
like to lay on a shooting mat) set up you rifle rest (sleeping bag if you need
to).
Assume the prone position by lying on your stomach at a slight angle to the
target. Right handed shooters should lie on a line with their head pointing to
2 o'clock on an imaginary clock face where the target is at the 12 o'clock
position. Once you're down, spread your legs a comfortable distance apart and
turn the inside of each foot toward the ground. Grab the rifle's forend with the left hand, then
allow the forend to rest on the rest (rolled-up sleeping bag). Grab the pistol
grip of the buttstock with your other hand, and allow that elbow to rest on the
ground to one side. Pull the buttstock firmly into your shoulder and snug your
cheek against the stock. The butt should be resting in the area formed by the
juncture of your shooting arm and your upper chest-not on the muscle of your
upper arm.
Adjust your position so the rifle's sights come into proper alignment with the target downrange, and stay there.. Adjust the rest (sleeping bag) until you can keep the sights on target with little or no effort on your part. The rifle should still be unloaded at this point. While maintaining the sights on target, place the index finger of the shooting hand on the trigger. Only the pad forward of the first joint should contact the trigger. A common mistake is to allow the trigger to rest against the first joint. This area of the finger lacks the sensitivity needed for proper trigger control.
Ensure the chamber is empty and the rifle is cocked. Disengage the safety. Now keep
the sights in careful, continuous alignment with the target, and take a
moderately deep breath. Apply a very slight amount of pressure to the trigger,
and then exhale approximately half the air you've taken in. Hold the remainder
of your breath while you slowly squeeze the trigger with the front pad of your
index finger. When the trigger releases it should come as a surprise. If you
find yourself anticipating the trigger break, you are likely flinching slightly
or doing something else to move the sights momentarily off target. If you have someone
with you, have him or her watch the muzzle of your rifle and tell you if it
moves or jerks when the trigger breaks. There should be no movement when
the trigger releases.
Don't underestimate the importance of this simple exercise. Without proper breathing and trigger control, there's no way you'll ever be an expert marksman. To many people overlook these simple basics and then wonder why they shoot bad groups (all over the place)
Now it is time to load your rifle and repeat the above with a loaded firing firearm. When you are done if you are following the fundamentals you should be able to shoot three shots and the three should form a tight triangle. After you have mastered this exercise with the rest it is time to remove the rest and perform the same until you master the off hand. It may take some time and quite a few rounds to accomplish this but ingraining good shooting habits in the beginning can lead to nothing but better things.
Brian
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Copyright (c) 1996-2001 Trip Williams. All rights reserved. May be reproduced
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stated terms or written permission.